Mortality due to fox predation in free-range poultry flocks in Britain.

Information derived from questionnaires sent to producers of free-range eggs, chickens, turkeys and geese was used to assess the extent of fox predation in terms of the density of the fox population and farm management factors. The mean reported bird mortality was less than 2 per cent for all the producers, but there were marked differences between them. Egg producers reported losing many more birds to foxes than other types of producer (up to 1000 birds in a laying cycle).

Modelling the costs of fox predation and preventive measures on sheep farms in Britain.

Economic analysis is a useful tool to aid decisions on what to do about wildlife impacts, such as those of vertebrate predators on livestock farmers. The case-study of lamb predation by foxes in Britain is used to develop a theoretical economic model, with the aim of determining a financially optimal solution to minimise the total costs of livestock predation at the farm-level. Total costs include output losses and expenditure on preventive and control measures, in this case indoor housing and lethal fox control.

The current and future management of wild mammals hunted with dogs in England and Wales.

There is increasing concern about the use of lethal methods to control wild mammal populations, especially those methods that may have significant impacts on animal welfare. The continued use of dogs to hunt wild mammals in England and Wales, principally foxes (Vulpes vulpes), red deer (Cervus elaphus), brown hares (Lepus europaeus) and mink (Mustela vison), has become a focus for political debate and has been the subject of a recent UK government inquiry. This paper reports the results of a questionnaire study to quantify the use, effectiveness and acceptability of the different methods currently used to manage these four species, and future changes in management following a possible ban on hunting with dogs.

Selection criteria for APA-accredited internships stratified by type of site and competitiveness.

As the internship marketplace becomes more competitive, doctoral students and faculty of professional psychology programs must become more knowledgeable of the selection criteria used by APA-accredited internship sites. Clinical experience was identified as one of the most important criteria used for selection by all respondents. However, criteria used by medical schools, university counseling centers, and Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, the three largest suppliers of internships, and by sites reporting low, medium, or high competitiveness appeared to vary as a function of the unique characteristics of the sites.

Standards--if we don't set them who will?

Anticipating the coverage of home IV therapy, the Arizona Association for Home Care set out to prepare the "Home IV Infusion Standards." In doing so, they had to consider the widespread variation in agency needs and operations. The standards were adopted in 1989, although the committee's work continues.