A Vision for the Future of Neutron Scattering and Muon Spectroscopy in the 2050s.

Neutron scattering and muon spectroscopy are techniques that use subatomic particles to understand materials across a wide range of energy (μeV to tens of eV), length (Å to cm) and time (attosecond to hour) scales. The methods are widely used to study condensed phase materials in areas that span physics, chemistry, biology, engineering and cultural heritage. In this Perspective we consider three questions: (i) will neutron scattering and muon spectroscopy still be needed in the 2050s? (ii) What might the technology to produce neutron and muon beams look like in the 2050s? (iii) What will be the applications in the 2050s? Overall, the neutron/muon ecosystem in the 2050s will have less capacity than now, but greater capability because of the somewhat higher power sources, better instrumentation and data analysis.

Optical coherence tomography predictors of clinical outcomes after stent implantation: the ILUMIEN IV trial.

Background And Aims: Observational registries have suggested that optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging-derived parameters may predict adverse events after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. The present analysis sought to determine the OCT predictors of clinical outcomes from the large-scale ILUMIEN IV trial.

Methods: ILUMIEN IV was a prospective, single-blind trial of 2487 patients with diabetes or high-risk lesions randomized to OCT-guided versus angiography-guided DES implantation.

OCT-Guided vs Angiography-Guided Coronary Stent Implantation in Complex Lesions: An ILUMIEN IV Substudy.

Background: ILUMIEN IV was the first large-scale, multicenter, randomized trial comparing optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided vs angiography-guided stent implantation in patients with high-risk clinical characteristics and/or complex angiographic lesions.

Objectives: The authors aimed to specifically examine outcomes in the complex angiographic lesions subgroup.

Methods: From the original trial population (N = 2,487), high-risk patients without complex angiographic lesions were excluded (n = 514).

Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided versus Angiography-Guided PCI.

Background: Data regarding clinical outcomes after optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as compared with angiography-guided PCI are limited.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, single-blind trial, we randomly assigned patients with medication-treated diabetes or complex coronary-artery lesions to undergo OCT-guided PCI or angiography-guided PCI. A final blinded OCT procedure was performed in patients in the angiography group.

Optical coherence tomography-guided coronary stent implantation compared to angiography: a multicentre randomised trial in PCI - design and rationale of ILUMIEN IV: OPTIMAL PCI.

Aims: Randomised trials have demonstrated improvement in clinical outcomes with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with angiography-guided PCI. The ILUMIEN III trial demonstrated non-inferiority of an optical coherence tomography (OCT)- versus IVUS-guided PCI strategy in achieving similar post-PCI lumen dimensions. ILUMIEN IV is a large-scale, multicentre, randomised trial designed to demonstrate the superiority of OCT- versus angiography-guided stent implantation in patients with high-risk clinical characteristics (diabetes) and/or complex angiographic lesions in achieving larger post-PCI lumen dimensions and improving clinical outcomes.