Application of a Social Vulnerability Index and Its Associations with Physical Frailty and Disability in a Cross-sectional Study of Older Kenyan Women Living with and without HIV.

Background: Social vulnerability reflects deficits in social resources that may disproportionally impact older women with HIV (WWH) in Africa.

Objective: To examine the relationship between scores on an adapted Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and measures of physical frailty and disability.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

GLS2 links glutamine metabolism and atherosclerosis by remodeling artery walls.

Metabolic dysregulation, including perturbed glutamine-glutamate homeostasis, is common among patients with cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using the human MESA cohort, here we show that plasma glutamine-glutamate ratio is an independent risk factor for carotid plaque progression. Mice deficient in glutaminase-2 (Gls2), the enzyme that mediates hepatic glutaminolysis, developed accelerated atherosclerosis and susceptibility to catastrophic cardiac events, while Gls2 overexpression partially protected from disease progression.

Factors Associated With Missing Biological Samples in the Dog Ageing Project.

Background: The Dog Aging Project (DAP) is a longitudinal study examining aging in US companion dogs, where missing data pose a challenge to result validity and statistical power. Early recognition and procedural adjustments are vital to address missing samples.

Objectives: This research assesses missing biospecimen samples within the PRECISION cohort of the DAP, aiming to identify contributing factors and propose mitigation strategies.

Relationship of Plasma Apolipoprotein C-I Truncation With Risk of Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Actos Now for the Prevention of Diabetes Study.

Objective: Higher truncated-to-native apolipoprotein (apo) C-I proteoform ratios (C-I'/C-I) are associated with favorable cardiometabolic risk profiles, but their relationship with longitudinal changes in insulin resistance (IR) and incident diabetes is unknown.

Research Design And Methods: Plasma apoC-I proteoforms were measured by mass spectrometry immunoassay at baseline in 4,742 nondiabetic participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and 524 participants with prediabetes in the Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW) study. The primary outcome was incident diabetes (fasting glucose [FG] ≥7.