Pharmacokinetics and safety of bictegravir in pregnant and postpartum persons with HIV and their infants.

Background: Limited data exist on bictegravir pharmacokinetics in pregnancy among persons with HIV (PWH) and infant washout.

Setting: Nonrandomized, open-label, multi-center phase-IV prospective study of bictegravir pharmacokinetics and safety in pregnant PWH and their infants.

Methods: Steady-state 24-hour pharmacokinetic sampling of oral bictegravir 50 mg once daily (a component of fixed-dose combination bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and postpartum was performed.

Subsequent pregnancies in the IMPAACT 2010/VESTED Trial: high rate of adverse outcomes in women living with HIV.

Introduction: Women with HIV (WHIV) have higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly in the absence of antiretroviral treatment(ART), and timing of ART may impact risk.

Methods: In IMPAACT 2010 (VESTED), 643 pregnant WHIV in 9 countries were randomized 1:1:1 to initiate ART: dolutegravir (DTG)+emtricitabine(FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide(TAF); DTG+FTC/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or efavirenz (EFV)/FTC/TDF. We describe adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with a subsequent pregnancy during 50 weeks of postpartum follow-up: spontaneous abortion (<20 weeks), stillbirth (≥20 weeks), preterm delivery (<37 weeks) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA).

Combined drug delivery and treatment monitoring using a single high frequency ultrasound system.

Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery is typically performed using transducers with center frequencies 1 MHz to promote acoustic cavitation. Such frequencies are not commonly used for diagnostic ultrasound due to limited spatial resolution. Therefore, delivery and monitoring of therapeutic ultrasound typically requires two transducers to enable both treatment and imaging.

Walking economy and exercise efficiency in successful weight loss maintainers.

Purpose: Following short-term weight loss, the energetic cost of transport decreases and exercise efficiency increases. Whether changes persist during long-term weight maintenance is unknown.

Methods: We compared walking economy and exercise efficiency in weight loss maintainers (WLM, maintaining ≥13.

Suppression of melanoma by mice lacking MHC-II: Mechanisms and implications for cancer immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors interfere with T cell exhaustion but often fail to cure or control cancer long-term in patients. Using a genetic screen in C57BL/6J mice, we discovered a mutation in host H2-Aa that caused strong immune-mediated resistance to mouse melanomas. H2-Aa encodes an MHC class II α chain, and its absence in C57BL/6J mice eliminates all MHC-II expression.