Plasma microRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for development of severe epilepsy after experimental traumatic brain injury-EpiBioS4Rx Project 1 study.

Objective: To test a hypothesis that acutely regulated plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as prognostic biomarkers for the development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE).

Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 245) were randomized to lateral fluid-percussion-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) or sham operation at three study sites (Finland, Australia, United States). Video-electroencephalography (vEEG) was performed on the seventh post-injury month to detect spontaneous seizures.

Cerebellar-Prefrontal Connectivity Predicts Negative Symptom Severity Across the Psychosis Spectrum.

Background: Negative symptom severity predicts functional outcome and quality life in people with psychosis. However, negative symptoms are poorly responsive to antipsychotic medication and existing literature has not converged on their neurobiological basis. Previous work in small schizophrenia samples has observed that lower cerebellar-prefrontal connectivity is associated with higher negative symptom severity and demonstrated in a separate neuromodulation experiment that increasing cerebellar-prefrontal connectivity reduced negative symptom severity.

Functional Connectivity Relationships to Longitudinal Motor Outcomes Differ in Very Preterm Children With and Without Brain Injury.

Background And Objectives: Children born very preterm (VPT) have high rates of motor disability, but mechanisms for early identification remain limited, especially for children who fall behind in early childhood. This study examines the relationship between functional connectivity (FC) measured at term-equivalent age and motor outcomes at 2 and 5 years.

Methods: In this longitudinal observational cohort study, VPT children (gestational age 30 weeks and younger) with and without high-grade brain injury underwent FC MRI at term-equivalent age.

Evolution of promoter-proximal pausing enabled a new layer of transcription control.

Promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a key regulatory step during transcription. Despite the central role of pausing in gene regulation, we do not understand the evolutionary processes that led to the emergence of Pol II pausing or its transition to a rate-limiting step actively controlled by transcription factors. Here we analyzed transcription in species across the tree of life.

Evaluating the Effect of a Novel Digital Ostomy Device on Leakage Incidents, Quality of Life, Mental Well-Being, and Patient Self-Care: An Interventional, Multicentre Clinical Trial.

Most people with a stoma worry about leakage, and a quarter experience leakage of stomal effluent outside the baseplate on a monthly basis. Leakage has additional physical and psychosocial consequences, for instance, peristomal skin complications, feeling unable to cope, and self-isolation. An interventional, single-arm, multi-centre study was undertaken in the United Kingdom to evaluate a novel digital leakage notification system for ostomy care, including a support service (=test product) for 12 weeks in patients with a recent stoma formation (≤9 months).