The cost of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in Bangladesh.

COVID-19 vaccination has been instrumental in fighting the pandemic, but evidence on the actual costs associated with delivering these vaccines in resource-constrained settings has been limited. We estimated the cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Bangladesh through five delivery strategies in 2021 and 2022, including Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals, non-MOH government hospitals, outreach at Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) centers, mass campaigns, and schools. This was a bottom-up costing study, estimating costs from a payer and beneficiary perspective.

Investigating the Degree to Which Unstructured Socializing With Peers and Delinquency Are Nonlinear.

Since the formulation of Cohen and Felson's (1979) routine activity theory (RAT), Osgood et al. (1996) established a reformulated theory to better explain patterns of situational offense and coined the RAT of general deviance or more commonly known as unstructured socializing with peers (USWP). The present study seeks to explore whether spending more time in USWP may increase antisocial behavior in a nonlinear manner, either accelerating or decelerating.

Surviving in the midst of 'Nowhere': Disrupting the conceptualisation of a maternity care desert.

The conceptualisation of 'care deserts' has gained increased public attention in recent years. This paper engages a reproductive justice framework to investigate the (mis)alignment of a maternity care desert within a predominantly Black rural community in the United States. I draw on a case study of Gadsden County, Florida-a community that is perceived by its members to be a maternity care desert but that is not technically defined as one-to demonstrate how Black birthing people are cultivating a reproductive liberatory consciousness.

Menthyl acetate powered self-propelled Janus sponge Marangoni motors with self-maintaining surface tension gradients and active mixing.

Hypothesis: Small scale Marangoni motors, which self-generate motion by inducing surface tension gradients on water interfaces through release of surface-active "fuels", have recently been proposed as self-powered mixing devices for low volume fluids. Such devices however, often show self-limiting lifespans due to the rapid saturation of surface-active agents. A potential solution to this is the use volatile surface-active agents which do not persist in their environment.

Multi-habitat landscapes are more diverse and stable with improved function.

Conservation, restoration and land management are increasingly implemented at landscape scales. However, because species interaction data are typically habitat- and/or guild-specific, exactly how those interactions connect habitats and affect the stability and function of communities at landscape scales remains poorly understood. We combine multi-guild species interaction data (plant-pollinator and three plant-herbivore-parasitoid communities, collected from landscapes with one, two or three habitats), a field experiment and a modelling approach to show that multi-habitat landscapes support higher species and interaction evenness, more complementary species interactions and more consistent robustness to species loss.