Orchard: Building large cancer phylogenies using stochastic combinatorial search.

Phylogenies depicting the evolutionary history of genetically heterogeneous subpopulations of cells from the same cancer, i.e., cancer phylogenies, offer valuable insights about cancer development and guide treatment strategies.

Upper tract dilation is an independent risk factor for febrile UTI in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux.

Background: Children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), particularly high-grade VUR, are known to be at increased risk for urinary tract infection (UTI). Current guidelines highlight certain clinical factors in the management of children with VUR; however, the clinical utility of upper tract dilation in the setting of VUR remains unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate risk factors for febrile UTI (fUTI) in children with primary VUR in a modern cohort with emphasis on upper tract dilation parameters, including hydronephrosis and hydroureter.

Radiating for Two: Quantifying Radiation Exposure to Pregnant Urologists During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

Purpose: Current occupational recommendations limit fetal radiation dose to 1 mSv. With increased gender diversity in urology, understanding radiation exposure during pregnancy is crucial. The purpose of this study was to determine surgeon uterine radiation dose during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and compare effectiveness of several radiation reduction strategies in a cadaver model.