MVA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates encoding different spike protein conformations induce distinct early transcriptional responses which may impact subsequent adaptive immunity.

Introduction: Vaccine platforms such as viral vectors and mRNA can accelerate vaccine development in response to newly emerging pathogens, as demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the differential effects of platform and antigen insert on vaccine immunogenicity remain incompletely understood. Innate immune responses induced by viral vector vaccines are suggested to have an adjuvant effect for subsequent adaptive immunity.

Endogenous Opioids and Exercise-Related Hypoalgesia: Modern Models, Measurement, and Mechanisms of Action.

This chapter will focus on the role exercise appears to have on activation and modulating factors within the central nervous system related to endogenous like opioids and its possible contribution to exercise-induced hypoalgesia. The implications for the exercise-mediated alterations of CNS activation factors related to opioids, specifically endorphins and enkephalins, will be presented. In this update, we discuss utilization of new technology and methods to monitor mechanisms of opioid involvement to suggest their contribution with exercise mediated hypoalgesia as well as their relationships to alterations of perceptions of pain and mood.

Analysis of measurable residual disease by IG/TR gene rearrangements: quality assurance and updated EuroMRD guidelines.

Minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) diagnostics using real-time quantitative PCR analysis of rearranged immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements are nowadays implemented in most treatment protocols for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Within the EuroMRD Consortium, we aim to provide comparable, high-quality MRD diagnostics, allowing appropriate risk-group classification for patients and inter-protocol comparisons. To this end, we set up a quality assessment scheme, that was gradually optimized and updated over the last 20 years, and that now includes participants from around 70 laboratories worldwide.

Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Training for Simulated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Resident Education.

Background: Simulation-based medical education has been used in medical training for decades. Rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP) is a novel simulation strategy that uses iterative practice and feedback to achieve skill mastery. To date, there has been minimal evaluation of RCDP vs standard immersive simulation (IS) for the teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to graduate medical education (GME) learners.

Predicting parameters of airway dynamics generated from inspiratory and expiratory plethysmographic airway loops, differentiating subtypes of chronic obstructive diseases.

Background: The plethysmographic shift volume-flow loop (sR-loop) measured during tidal breathing allows the determination of several lung function parameters such as the effective specific airway resistance (sR), calculated from the ratio of the integral of the resistive aerodynamic specific work of breathing (sWOB) and the integral of the corresponding flow-volume loop. However, computing the inspiratory and expiratory areas of the sR-loop separately permits the determination of further parameters of airway dynamics. Therefore, we aimed to define the discriminating diagnostic power of the inspiratory and expiratory sWOB (sWOB, sWOB), as well as of the inspiratory and expiratory sR (sR and sR ), for discriminating different functional phenotypes of chronic obstructive lung diseases.