Enhancement of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation of Using Phosphoric and Bisaminophosphinic Acids as Permeabilizing Agents.

The purpose of this work was to examine the effect of phosphoric and bisaminophosphinic acids on the effectiveness of photoinactivation of with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) as a precursor of protoporphyrin IX. Two diode lasers λ = 404 nm (radiation intensity 26 mW cm) and λ = 630 nm (radiation intensity 55 mW cm) were used as sources of light. The most effective agent was ()-(-)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diylhydrogen phosphate, and a significant improvement in bactericidal effect of 5-ALA-aPDI was achieved by pretreating with this compound at nontoxic concentrations of 0.

Molecular Identification of Selected Cervid Helminths in Supplementarily Fed European Bison Population.

Wild animals often suffer from infections with multiple species of parasites simultaneously. The exchange of parasites between different host species is common in nature and often involves intermediate hosts or sharing space such as pastures or watering holes. Supplementary feeding, leading to large aggregations of individuals, can have several adverse effects on wild ungulate populations, despite being a widespread management practice.

Impact of global environmental changes on the range contraction of Eurasian moose since the Late Pleistocene.

Climatic oscillations are considered primary factors influencing the distribution of various life forms on Earth. Large species adapted to cold climates are particularly vulnerable to extinction due to climate changes. In our study, we investigated whether temperature increase since the Late Pleistocene and the contraction of environmental niche during the Holocene were the main factors contributing to the decreasing range of moose (Alces alces) in Europe.

Stereoselective mechanochemical synthesis of thiomalonate Michael adducts via iminium catalysis by chiral primary amines.

The study presents a novel approach utilizing iminium salt activation and mild enolization of thioesters, offering an efficient and rapid synthesis of Michael adducts with promising stereoselectivity and marking a significant advancement in mechanocatalysis. The stereoselective addition of bisthiomalonates - to cyclic enones and 4-chlorobenzylideneacetone proceeds stereoselectively under iminium activation conditions secured by chiral primary amines, in contrast to oxo-esters as observed in dibenzyl malonate addition. Mild enolization of thioesters allows for the generation of Michael adducts with good yields and stereoselectivities.