Insulin, insulin analogues and diabetic retinopathy.

Insulin is absolutely vital for living beings. It is not only involved in metabolism, but also in the regulation of growth factors, e.g.

Weight-bearing intensity produces charcot deformity in injured neuropathic feet in diabetes.

Unlabelled: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the intensity of unrestrained weight bearing after a non-fracture injury (e.g. sprain), and the development of osteoarthropathic deformities of the foot (Charcot foot) in patients with diabetic neuropathy.

Nonoperative treatment of neuro-osteoarthropathy of the foot: do we need new criteria?

The worst manifestation of neuro-osteoarthropathy of the pain-insensitive foot is the Charcot foot with its devastating osteoarticular destructions and irreversible deformities. New diagnostic tools such as MRI have revealed that mechanical injury and overuse is the origin of the condition. Traditionally, only feet with bone and joint damage apparent on plain radiographs (fracture and dislocation injuries) have undergone nonoperative treatment with off-loading and immobilization; however, treating painless, seemingly asymptomatic nonfracture injuries (bone bruise or bone marrow edema) with off-loading and immobilization has proven highly effective in preventing the Charcot foot.

Influence of continuous combined estradiol-norethisterone acetate preparations on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal nondiabetic women.

Objective: Estrogen-progestogen replacement therapy (HRT) may be associated with deterioration of insulin sensitivity in comparison to estrogens alone, which tend to improve insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. Insulin sensitivity with the use of continuous combined 17-beta estradiol/norethisterone acetate (E2/NETA) preparations has not been examined before in postmenopausal women.

Design: In a double-blind randomized parallel study, we evaluated the effect of 2 mg E2/1 mg NETA (high dose E2/NETA), 1 mg E2/0.