SARS-CoV-2 serology among people with multiple sclerosis on disease-modifying therapies after BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) inactivated virus vaccination: Same story, different vaccine.

Background: Various studies indicated blunted humoral responses to COVID-19 mRNA and viral vector vaccines among people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators and anti-CD20 therapies (aCD20); however, limited evidence was found regarding SARS-CoV-2 serology after inactivated virus vaccination.

Objective: To provide evidence regarding humoral response to COVID-19 inactivated virus vaccination among pwMS on disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).

Methods: A cohort study was carried out in Isfahan, Iran, enrolling DMT-exposed pwMS and unexposed (UX) healthy participants.

Review of proposed different irradiation methods to inactivate food-processing viruses and microorganisms.

Coronaviruses, which have been enveloped nonsegmented positive-sense RNA viruses, were first mentioned in the mid-1960s and can attack people as well as a wide range of animals (including mammals and birds). Three zoonotic coronaviruses have been identified as the cause of large-scale epidemics over the last two decades: Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS). Epithelial cells in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract are the principal targeted cells, and viral shedding occurs via these systems in diverse ways such as through fomites, air, or feces.

Frequency of diencephalic syndrome in NMOSD.

Background: Diencephalic region of the brain harbors sites with a considerable amount of aquaporin-4 expression. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) primarily involves autoimmune processes against this molecule. However, little is known about the frequency of symptoms of diencephalic involvement in NMOSD patients.

COVID-19 and the Risk of Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Fight with No Bystander Effect?

Background: COVID-19 is speculated to increase the likelihood of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) exacerbation.

Objective: To investigate the association between contraction of COVID-19 and incidence of acute MS attacks in RRMS patients six months post-infection.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study compares the risk of relapse in RRMS patients with (n=56) and without COVID-19 (n=69).

Seizure incidence among neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are a group of neuroinflammatory diseases, which mainly affect the optic nerve and spinal cord. NMOSD is an astrocytic channelopathy involving the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels in the central nervous system. Patients can present with seizure attacks as a first manifestation or relapse.