Prevalence of pain-related presentations in Canadian pediatric emergency departments.

Objective: Pain is a common reason for attendance to the emergency department; however, pediatric specific data on the prevalence, location, and etiology of painful presentations are limited in the literature. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pain-related presentations to pediatric emergency departments during the triage process and characterize the anatomical locations and organ systems most affected by pain in a modern cohort.

Methods: A two-center health record review of triage documentation was conducted at Canadian pediatric emergency departments.

Benzannulation of heterocyclic frameworks by 1,1-carboboration pathways.

A small series of S- and N-heterocyclic 1,2-bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)arenes (2, 9, and 12) react with the strongly electrophilic borane B(C6F5)3 in consecutive 1,1-carboboration sequences to benzannulated heterocyclic systems. With this approach, highly substituted carbazole (6), benzothiophene (10), and quinoline (14) derivatives can be synthesized. While benzannulation occurs in all three cases, the reactions are quite different in detail.

Frustrated Lewis pair modification by 1,1-carboboration: disclosure of a phosphine oxide triggered nitrogen monoxide addition to an intramolecular P/B frustrated Lewis pair.

The vicinal frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) mes2P-CH2CH2-B(C6F5)2 (3) reacts with phenyl(trimethylsilyl)acetylene by 1,1-carboboration to give the extended C3-bridged FLP 6 featuring a substituted vinylborane subunit. The FLP 6 actively cleaves dihydrogen. The FLP 3 also undergoes a 1,1-carboboration reaction with diphenylphosphino(trimethylsilyl)acetylene to give the P/B/P FLP 11 that features a central unsaturated four-membered heterocyclic P/B FLP and a pendant CH2CH2-Pmes2 functional group.

Dibenzopentalenes from B(C6F5)3-induced cyclization reactions of 1,2-bis(phenylethynyl)benzenes.

'Lene' and mean: The strong Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 efficiently converts some bis(arylethynyl)benzenes into dibenzopentalenes through a series of Lewis acid induced cyclization reactions at room temperature. Thus the reaction has the potential to be useful in the synthesis of substituted dibenzopentalene derivatives which are difficult to make by conventional means.

Schema change without schema therapy: the role of early maladaptive schemata for a successful treatment of major depression.

Early maladaptive schemata (EMS) have repeatedly been shown to be associated with several psychopathological conditions, including depression. Schema therapy proposes interventions that aim at altering EMS. In the present study, we examined the effect of an integrative psychodynamic inpatient therapy without explicit focus on EMS in a sample with major depression.