Ferrets as a model for tuberculosis transmission.

Even with the COVID-19 pandemic, tuberculosis remains a leading cause of human death due to a single infectious agent. Until successfully treated, infected individuals may continue to transmit bacilli to contacts. As with other respiratory pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, modeling the process of person-to-person transmission will inform efforts to develop vaccines and therapies that specifically impede disease transmission.

CtpB Facilitates Growth in Copper-Limited Niches.

Copper is required for aerobic respiration by and its human host, but this essential element is toxic in abundance. Copper nutritional immunity refers to host processes that modulate levels of free copper to alternately starve and intoxicate invading microbes. Bacteria engulfed by macrophages are initially contained within copper-limited phagosomes, which fuse with ATP7A vesicles that pump in toxic levels of copper.

Genomic Degeneration and Reduction in the Fish Pathogen .

Mycobacterium shottsii is a dysgonic, nonpigmented mycobacterium originally isolated from diseased striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Genomic analysis reveals that M. shottsii is a Mycobacterium ulcerans/Mycobacterium marinum clade (MuMC) member, but unlike the superficially similar M.

A Role for Sigma Factor C in Copper Nutritional Immunity.

Sigma factor C (SigC) contributes to virulence in various animal models, but the stress response coordinated by this transcription factor was undefined. The results presented here indicate that SigC prevents copper starvation. Whole genome expression studies demonstrate short-term (4-h) induction of , controlled from a tetracycline-inducible promoter, upregulates and genes in the nonribosomal peptide synthase () operon.

Which medical disciplines diagnose and treat melanoma in Europe in 2019? A survey of experts from melanoma centres in 27 European countries.

Background And Objectives: The incidence of melanoma is increasing. This places significant burden on societies to provide efficient cancer care. The European Cancer Organisation recently published the essential requirements for quality melanoma care.