Active learning of enhancers and silencers in the developing neural retina.

Deep learning is a promising strategy for modeling cis-regulatory elements. However, models trained on genomic sequences often fail to explain why the same transcription factor can activate or repress transcription in different contexts. To address this limitation, we developed an active learning approach to train models that distinguish between enhancers and silencers composed of binding sites for the photoreceptor transcription factor cone-rod homeobox (CRX).

Cortical and behavioral correlates of alexia in primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease.

The underlying causes of reading impairment in neurodegenerative disease are not well understood. The current study seeks to determine the causes of surface alexia and phonological alexia in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and typical (amnestic) Alzheimer's disease (AD). Participants included 24 with the logopenic variant (lvPPA), 17 with the nonfluent/agrammatic variant (nfvPPA), 12 with the semantic variant (svPPA), 19 with unclassifiable PPA (uPPA), and 16 with AD.

Myths and fitness interdependence: Beyond coalitional longevity.

This comment seeks to extend the authors' argument by considering how perceived fitness interdependence is generated in different settings. Based primarily on research from political science, it argues that strategic agents may seek to design myths that emphasize not only the longevity of their coalitions, but also internal features such as material and status equality and institutional impartiality.

Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Risk and Reason for Revision Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Background: With the rise of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), revision TSA is also becoming more prominent. However, there is a paucity of literature on potential racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities regarding revision TSA. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk and reason for revision TSA between racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups.

Association of Current and Long-Term Estradiol Use with Carotid Intima Media Thickness Among Transgender Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Epidemiologic studies suggest that the transgender population has a higher burden of cardiovascular (CV) disease. We aimed to assess CV risk and investigate the relationship between estradiol (E2) or ethinylestradiol (EE) use and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in transgender women.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis nested into a transgender-specific cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from August 2015 to February 2018.