Cells-of-Origin of Breast Cancer and Intertumoral Heterogeneity.

Both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms underpin the profound intertumoral heterogeneity in breast cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that the intrinsic characteristics of breast epithelial precursor cells may influence tumour phenotype. These "cells-of-origin" of cancer preside in normal breast tissue and are uniquely susceptible to mutagenesis upon exposure to distinct oncogenic stimuli.

Trial of alginates in throat symptoms: protocol for a pragmatic, multicentre, placebo controlled, double blind, parallel, randomised controlled trial of liquid alginate (Gaviscon Advance) for the treatment of persistent throat symptoms.

Introduction: Persistent throat symptoms (PTS) are indicators for over 60 000 new patient referrals to NHS secondary care annually. PTS have been attributed to manifestation of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) with the hypothesis that gastric refluxate damages and irritates the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Symptoms of PTS and GORD are commonly treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or alginates are often, incorrectly, advocated.

How i do it: Leveraging AutoHotkey and programmable peripheral devices for high efficiency diagnostic radiology.

This paper discusses the use of AutoHotkey (AHK) and programmable peripheral computing devices to enhance the workflow of diagnostic radiologists. Multiple features designed and coded by an emergency teleradiologist to optimize efficiency and complete redundant tasks with ease are presented. The full AutoHotkey script, which currently supports Visage PACS, PowerScribe 360, and Epic EHR, is available in the article appendix.

Evaluating public and patient involvement in interventional research-A newly developed checklist (EPPIIC).

Public and patient involvement (PPI) has been identified as an increasingly desired and, often, required component of trial methodology-leading to higher quality, more accessible and relevant clinical research, alongside increased recruitment, funding success and insight into research impact. However, despite the great variety of frameworks and checklists available for assessing PPI, most are limited with respect to important features (e.g.

A cluster-randomised controlled feasibility trial evaluating the Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS).

Introduction: There is a high prevalence of cognitive difficulties in MS, but despite this, there are few programmes targeting cognition that focus on the ability to function well in everyday life. The Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS), an occupation-focused cognitive intervention, was developed to address this. It addresses both the functional difficulties and the wide-ranging symptoms that present in MS.