Biotechnological approach to the synthesis of 9alpha-hydroxylated steroids.

The steroid 9alpha-hydroxylase gene has been cloned from Mycobacterium smegmatis into Escherichia coli BL21. Progesterone added to bioreactors was subjected to in vivo transformation into 9alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. In 7 days, 43.

Papillary urothelial bladder carcinoma associated with osteoclast-like giant cells.

We report the case of a papillary urothelial carcinoma associated with osteoclast-like giant cells. A 60-year old woman presented with hematuria. A papillary neoplasm was detected by cystoscopy and removed transurethrally.

[Clinical pathology in the Hanseatic City of Lübeck from the planning of an institute to the formation of the "Medizinische Hochschule"].

The formation of an university institute of pathology at the Hanseatic city of Lübeck preceded a long, changeful planning, accompanied by a chain of historical events. In the 19th century, Lübeck owned seven different places for clinical or forensic autopsies. Thus, in the first years of the 20th century it was generally called for the formation of a "Central Institute of Pathology" that was completed after all in the year 1927.

Foreign body reactions in lymph nodes of oncology patients with joint prostheses--light-, electron microscopic and immunohistological investigations.

Foreign body reactions in lymph nodes caused by wear particles from joint prostheses can mimic different lymphadenopathies, including metastatic cancer. The knowledge of these alterations is particularly important for pathologists performing frozen section diagnosis for oncology patients. As recent investigations of pseudocapsules have revealed that most of the wear particles are submicron-sized, transmission electron microscopic investigations were additionally performed.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the urinary bladder.

We report on the clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular cytogenetic features of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) primarily arising in the urinary bladder. An 81-year-old man presented with lymphedema of the lower extremities, fatigue, and urge incontinence. Radiographically, a tumor filling the entire cavity of the urinary bladder and extending into the pelvic and retroperitoneal tissue was noted.