AI-based analysis of fetal growth restriction in a prospective obstetric cohort quantifies compound risks for perinatal morbidity and mortality and identifies previously unrecognized high risk clinical scenarios.

Background Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a leading risk factor for stillbirth, yet the diagnosis of FGR confers considerable prognostic uncertainty, as most infants with FGR do not experience any morbidity. Our objective was to use data from a large, deeply phenotyped observational obstetric cohort to develop a probabilistic graphical model (PGM), a type of "explainable artificial intelligence (AI)", as a potential framework to better understand how interrelated variables contribute to perinatal morbidity risk in FGR. Methods Using data from 9,558 pregnancies delivered at ≥ 20 weeks with available outcome data, we derived and validated a PGM using randomly selected sub-cohorts of 80% (n = 7645) and 20% (n = 1,912), respectively, to discriminate cases of FGR resulting in composite perinatal morbidity from those that did not.

Influenza vaccine effectiveness against medically attended outpatient illness, United States, 2023-24 season.

Background: The 2023-24 U.S. influenza season was characterized by a predominance of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulation with co-circulation of A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses.

Classic diabetic ketoacidosis and the euglycemic variant: Something old, something new.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was historically considered a condition typical of type 1 diabetes. However, patients with type 2 diabetes may present with DKA, usually with higher blood glucose levels and milder ketoacidosis. With the increased use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, the variant euglycemic DKA has been described.

Effectiveness of the influenza vaccine for preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza infections in outpatient immunocompromised adults, 2017-2018.

While the number of immunocompromised (IC) individuals continues to rise, the existing literature on influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in IC populations is limited. Understanding the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the seasonal influenza vaccines in immunocompromised (IC) populations remains paramount. Using 2017-2018 US Flu VE Network data, we examined the VE of the 2017-2018 seasonal influenza vaccine against symptomatic influenza in outpatient settings among IC adults.