Publications by authors named "R J Scott McCairns"

Article Synopsis
  • Isothiazolinones, particularly chloro- and methyl-isothiazolinones (CMIT and MIT), are commonly used biocides in various products but are known irritants, raising concerns about their environmental impact.
  • This study evaluates the acute toxicity of CMIT/MIT and MIT on Daphnia pulex, a freshwater organism, while accounting for genetic diversity by using different clonal lines to assess variations in sensitivity.
  • The results show significant differences in toxicity responses among clonal lines, suggesting that standard ecotoxicity tests using single clones may not accurately reflect the ecological risks posed by these chemicals.
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Intermittent-flow respirometry is widely used to measure oxygen uptake rates and subsequently estimate aerobic metabolic rates of aquatic animals. However, the lack of a standard quality-control software to detect technical problems represents a potential impediment to comparisons across studies in the field of evolutionary and conservation physiology. Here, we introduce 'FishResp', a versatile R package and its graphical implementation for quality-control and filtering of raw respirometry data.

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Conspecifics inhabiting divergent environments frequently differ in morphology, physiology, and performance, but the interrelationships amongst traits and with Darwinian fitness remains poorly understood. We investigated population differentiation in morphology, metabolic rate, and swimming performance in three-spined sticklebacks ( L.), contrasting a marine/ancestral population with two distinct freshwater morphotypes derived from it: the "typical" low-plated morph, and a unique "small-plated" morph.

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Analyses of high-throughput transcriptome sequences of non-model organisms are based on two main approaches: de novo assembly and genome-guided assembly using mapping to assign reads prior to assembly. Given the limits of mapping reads to a reference when it is highly divergent, as is frequently the case for non-model species, we evaluate whether using blastn would outperform mapping methods for read assignment in such situations (>15% divergence). We demonstrate its high performance by using simulated reads of lengths corresponding to those generated by the most common sequencing platforms, and over a realistic range of genetic divergence (0% to 30% divergence).

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Novel physiological challenges in different environments can promote the evolution of divergent phenotypes, either through plastic or genetic changes. Environmental salinity serves as a key barrier to the distribution of nearly all aquatic organisms, and species diversification is likely to be enabled by adaptation to alternative osmotic environments. The threespine stickleback () is a euryhaline species with populations found both in marine and freshwater environments.

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