Penile diameter during puberty in boys: a retrospective analysis of longitudinally obtained data.

Objectives: Tanner staging is the standard for rating sexual maturation (SMR) in boys (pubic hair (PH) and genital (G) development). G staging is tripartite in nature and is prone to ambiguity because it is based upon somewhat vague visual cues that may lead to erroneous assessments and medical errors. Measurement of penile growth (penile girth or diameter) may provide an additional tool (in addition to the orchidometer) to make G staging more valid.

Geographic distribution of Pythium insidiosum infections in the United States.

Objective: To describe the geographic distribution of infections caused by Pythium insidiosum in dogs, horses, and other animal species in the US.

Animals: For the last 20 years, we have collected data from cases of pythiosis in 1,150 horses, 467 dogs, and other species (59) from various geographic locations in the US.

Procedures: Due to lost data (from 2006 to 2016), the selected cases include years 2000 to 2005 and 2016 to 2020.

Hyperglycemia inhibits complement-mediated immunological control of S. aureus in a rat model of peritonitis.

Hyperglycemia from diabetes is associated with increased risk of infection from S. aureus and increased severity of illness. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that elevated glucose (>6 mM) dramatically inhibited S.

Hyperglycemic conditions inhibit C3-mediated immunologic control of Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Diabetic patients are at increased risk for bacterial infections; these studies provide new insight into the role of the host defense complement system in controlling bacterial pathogens in hyperglycemic environments.

Methods: The interactions of complement C3 with bacteria in elevated glucose were assayed for complement activation to opsonic forms, phagocytosis and bacterial killing. C3 was analyzed in euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions by mass spectrometry to measure glycation and structural differences.