Higher-order transient membrane protein structures.

This study shows that five membrane proteins-three GPCRs, an ion channel, and an enzyme-form self-clusters under natural expression levels in a cardiac-derived cell line. The cluster size distributions imply that these proteins self-oligomerize reversibly through weak interactions. When the concentration of the proteins is increased through heterologous expression, the cluster size distributions approach a critical distribution at which point a phase transition occurs, yielding larger bulk phase clusters.

Higher-order transient structures and the principle of dynamic connectivity in membrane signaling.

We examine the role of higher-order transient structures (HOTS) in M2R regulation of GIRK channels. Electron microscopic membrane protein location maps show that both proteins form HOTS that exhibit a statistical bias to be near each other. Theoretical calculations and electrophysiological measurements suggest that channel activity is isolated near larger M2R HOTS.

The missing pieces: an investigation into the parallels between Charles Bonnet, phantom limb and tinnitus syndromes.

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition characterised by visual hallucinations of varying complexity on a background of vision loss. CBS research has gained popularity only in recent decades, despite evidence dating back to 1760. Knowledge of CBS among both the patient and professional populations unfortunately remains poor, and little is known of its underlying pathophysiology.

A Novel, Low-Fidelity, Low-Cost Residency "Simulation Festival" Competition.

Introduction: Simulation has rapidly expanded in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) for teaching surgical skills, reinforcing medical knowledge and assessing surgical proficiency. Low-fidelity simulations are typically lower cost to produce and have been proven to be beneficial for surgical training. The aim of this study is to describe an innovative simulation competition among residency programs to develop, present, and share low-cost, low-fidelity surgical simulation.

Acute freshwater CO exposure does not impair seawater transfer in three different sizes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) subjected to different photoperiod manipulations.

There is a growing interest in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture to extend the time fish are reared in freshwater (FW) recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), producing larger FW salmon that can then be induced to undergo smoltification before transfer into marine net pens for grow-out and harvest. Smolts can be produced by photoperiod (PT) manipulation in RASs, but little is known about how delaying smoltification to larger body sizes affects susceptibility to elevated CO levels (hypercapnia), which can occur at high stocking densities in FW RAS or during transport from FW RAS rearing facilities to marine net pens. To address this, Atlantic salmon were reared from hatch to one of three different sizes (~230, ~580, or ~1300 g) in FW (3 ppt) under continuous light (24:0, light:dark).