Detecting Early Recurrence With Circulating Tumor DNA in Stage I-III Biliary Tract Cancer After Curative Resection.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess (1) the prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and (2) the ability of ctDNA to detect recurrence compared with standard surveillance in curatively resected early-stage biliary tract cancer (BTC).

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter cohort study evaluated serial ctDNA testing for surveillance in patients with early-stage BTC after curative resection. We evaluated the relapse-free survival (RFS) by ctDNA positivity.

Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children With Down Syndrome in an Australian Population.

Objectives: The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be higher in children with Down syndrome (DS) than the general pediatric population, with lower rates of surgical cure. This study aims to determine the prevalence and predictors of OSA and evaluate the outcomes of surgical intervention for OSA in a cohort of Australian children with DS.

Methodology: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 156 patients with DS from 0 to 18 years who had undergone overnight, attended polysomnography (PSG) at Sydney Children's Hospital from January 2010 to July 2023.

Comprehensive molecular characterization to predict immunotherapy response in advanced biliary tract cancer: a phase II trial of pembrolizumab.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in a subset of patients with metastatic solid tumors. However, the patients who would benefit most from ICIs in biliary tract cancer (BTC) are still controversial.

Materials And Methods: We molecularly characterized tissues and blood from 32 patients with metastatic BTC treated with the ICI pembrolizumab as second-line therapy.

A practical guide for diagnostic investigations and special considerations in patients with Huntington's disease in Korea.

The Korean Huntington's Disease Society (KHDS) has recently published a practical guide for clinical approach to patients with Huntington's disease (HD) in Korea in April issue of Journal of Movement Disorders this year.1 This article is the second practical guide particularly focused on 1) essential points of genetic counseling for families of HD covering issues of testing minors and prenatal/preimplantation testing; and 2) premanifest HD and useful laboratory investigations for assessing disease severity and progression. The latter part of this article deals with special issues of juvenile and very late-onset HD, and common comorbidities in HD patients.