Incidental Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Performance of the AGA, European, and IAP Guidelines in Advising Further Management after Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy.

Objectives: We compared the performance of AGA-2015, ESG-2018, and IAP-2024 guidelines in referring patients for surgery versus surveillance when applied to incidental after diagnosis by EUS-FNA.

Methods: Single-center, retrospective study with prospective data collection. PLs identified incidentally on CT or MRI/MRCP performed for other diseases with inconclusive imaging results were eligible for analysis.

Bariatric surgery blunts nitrate-mediated improvements in cardiovascular function of overweight women by interfering with gastric S-nitrosothiol formation.

Inorganic nitrate (NO) and nitrate-rich foods have been shown to exert antioxidative effects and lower blood pressure in experimental animal models and human clinical studies. The specific handling of nitrate, including its enterosalivary recirculation, secretion into saliva, oral microbial reduction to nitrite (NO), and the pH-dependent nitrosative capacity in the stomach have all been recognized as being important for nitrate's beneficial effects. Obesity is of major health concern worldwide and associated with increased cardiovascular risk; whether nitrate lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function in this setting has not been investigated.

Polyclonality overcomes fitness barriers in Apc-driven tumorigenesis.

Loss-of-function mutations in the tumour suppressor APC are an initial step in intestinal tumorigenesis. APC-mutant intestinal stem cells outcompete their wild-type neighbours through the secretion of Wnt antagonists, which accelerates the fixation and subsequent rapid clonal expansion of mutants. Reports of polyclonal intestinal tumours in human patients and mouse models appear at odds with this process.

Utilising integrated bio-behavioural surveillance (IBBS) to investigate declining hepatitis C antibody prevalence among people who inject drugs in the Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey.

Background: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody (Ab) on dried blood spot (DBS) samples in the Australian Needle and Syringe Program Survey (ANSPS) decreased nationally from 57 % in 2015 to 32 % in 2022. We aimed to investigate potential explanations for this decline.

Methods: Changes in DBS HCV Ab prevalence were investigated by redefining positive cases as those with those with either a positive HCV Ab test result or a self-reported history of ever having HCV treatment (modified prevalence), examining HCV Ab prevalence by birth and age cohorts, and assessing trends in key risk behaviours.