Publications by authors named "R J Fraile"
Indoor air quality is crucial for human health due to the significant time people spend at home, and it is mainly affected by internal sources such as solid fuel combustion for heating. This study investigated the indoor air quality and health implications associated with residential coal burning covering gaseous pollutants (CO, CO and total volatile organic compounds), particulate matter, and toxicity. The PM chemical composition was obtained by ICP-MS/OES (elements), ion chromatography (water-soluble ions) and thermal-optical analysis (organic and elemental carbon).
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- Fungal spores, particularly from the Alternaria genus, can cause respiratory issues, with the allergenic glycoprotein Alt a 1 being a major concern for those sensitive to fungi.
- The study aims to understand the factors affecting Alt a 1 levels in the atmosphere to improve risk assessments and forecasting models for exposure.
- Findings indicate that rising temperatures and absolute humidity increase Alt a 1 presence, while rain leads to lower allergen levels; predictive models showed a success rate of 67% to 85% for identifying high allergen days.
Chromatin remodeling is essential to allow full development of alternative gene expression programs in response to environmental changes. In fission yeast, oxidative stress triggers massive transcriptional changes including the activation of hundreds of genes, with the participation of histone modifying complexes and chromatin remodelers. DNA transcription is associated to alterations in DNA topology, and DNA topoisomerases facilitate elongation along gene bodies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe below cloud scavenging of aerosols by snow has been analysed in León (NW Spain). Six snow events were registered over the course of one year of study. Ultrafine and accumulation aerosol particles were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer, while hydrometeors were characterized using a disdrometer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorldwide coal is still used for household heating purposes not only because it is available and cheap but also due to behavioural issues. Regional variability in fuels and combustion appliances make accurate emission estimates from this source hard to achieve. In the present study, gaseous (CO, VOCs, SO and NO) and particulate matter (TSP) emission factors (EFs) were determined for Spanish household coal combustion covering three commercial coals and distinct combustion stages and mimicking usage patterns in real households.
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