Unearthing who and Y at Harewood Cemetery and inference of George Washington's Y-chromosomal haplotype.

An excavation conducted at Harewood Cemetery to identify the unmarked grave of Samuel Washington resulted in the discovery of burials presumably belonging to George Washington's paternal grandnephews and their mother, Lucy Payne. To confirm their identities this study examined Y-chromosomal, mitochondrial, and autosomal DNA from the burials and a living Washington descendant. The burial's Y-STR profile was compared to FamilyTreeDNA's database, which resulted in a one-step difference from the living descendant and an exact match to another Washington.

African mitochondrial haplogroup L7: a 100,000-year-old maternal human lineage discovered through reassessment and new sequencing.

Archaeological and genomic evidence suggest that modern Homo sapiens have roamed the planet for some 300-500 thousand years. In contrast, global human mitochondrial (mtDNA) diversity coalesces to one African female ancestor ("Mitochondrial Eve") some 145 thousand years ago, owing to the ¼ gene pool size of our matrilineally inherited haploid genome. Therefore, most of human prehistory was spent in Africa where early ancestors of Southern African Khoisan and Central African rainforest hunter-gatherers (RFHGs) segregated into smaller groups.

Lipid Metabolism Influence on Neurodegenerative Disease Progression: Is the Vehicle as Important as the Cargo?

Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by abnormal protein aggregates, including the two most common neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In the global search to prevent and treat diseases, most research has been focused on the early stages of the diseases, including how these pathogenic protein aggregates are initially formed. We argue, however, that an equally important aspect of disease etiology is the characteristic of protein aggregates throughout the nervous system, a key process in disease progression.

Transcriptional responses to water stress and recovery in a drought-tolerant fescue wild grass (; Poaceae).

Water stress associated with drought-like conditions is a major factor limiting plant growth and impacts productivity of natural plant communities and agricultural crops. Molecular responses of plants to water stress have been studied most extensively in model species and crops, few of which have evolved natural drought tolerance. In the current study, we examined physiological and transcriptomic responses at multiple timepoints during increasing water stress and following initial recovery from stress in a drought-tolerant C species, .

Adjunct use of radiofrequency coblation for osteochondritis dissecans in children: A case report.

Rationale: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions involve disruption of the osteochondral unit along articular surfaces, with significant potential for joint deterioration if not managed appropriately.

Patient Concerns: A 15-year-old male presented with persistent and insidious right knee pain, which had worsened following a collision with another player during a basketball game, resulting in episodes of locking.

Diagnoses: Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lateral trochlear OCD extending into the anterior lateral femoral condyle.