Publications by authors named "R Insausti"
The mammalian olfactory system is responsible for processing environmental chemical stimuli and comprises several structures, including the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, olfactory peduncle (OP), and olfactory cortices. Despite the critical role played by the OP in the conduction of olfactory information, it has remained understudied. In this work, optical, confocal, and electron microscopy were employed to examine the anatomy, histology, and ultrastructure of six human OP specimens (ages 37-84 years).
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- The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is crucial for understanding cognitive decline related to neurodegenerative diseases, but the connection between MTL atrophy and specific proteinopathies remains unclear.
- Researchers developed two deep learning algorithms to quantitatively measure phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and TDP-43 (pTDP-43) pathology in the MTL, focusing on their roles in Alzheimer's disease and LATE.
- Their study found that quantitative p-tau measures better correlate with structural changes in the MTL compared to semi-quantitative ratings, revealing significant associations with cortical thickness and volume, especially in severe Alzheimer's cases.
Neurodegeneration associated with ageing is closely linked to oxidative stress (OS) and disrupted calcium homeostasis. Some areas of the brain, like the hippocampus - particularly the CA1 region - have shown a high susceptibility to age-related changes, displaying early signs of pathology and neuronal loss. Antioxidants such as α-tocopherol (αT) have been effective in mitigating the impact of OS during ageing.
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- Current understanding of tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer's Disease is hindered by other non-AD pathologies and limitations of conventional two-dimensional histological methods.
- The study combines ex vivo MRI and serial histological imaging from 25 human medial temporal lobe specimens to create a high-resolution 3-D atlas that maps the distribution of NFT burden.
- Findings reveal a gradient in NFT distribution from anterior to posterior in the medial temporal lobe, with highest concentrations in specific regions, suggesting certain areas may serve as early biomarkers for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease.
Article Synopsis
- The medial temporal lobe (MTL) cortex, essential for memory and vulnerable to diseases like Alzheimer's, consists of various subregions with distinct functions and structures.
- This study compares the cytoarchitectonic definitions of specific areas within the MTL cortex provided by four different neuroanatomists to assess overlapping and differing delineations among them.
- Findings revealed more consensus on the entorhinal cortex and Brodmann area 35, while there was less agreement on Brodmann area 36 and the parahippocampal cortex, particularly in transitional zones where defining features are not as clear.