Introduction: There is a noticeable lack of information on iatrogenic error (IE)-related deaths in the United States. To address this, we conducted a retrospective analysis examining temporal, regional, urbanization, and age-related trends in IE-related mortality from 1999 to 2020.
Methods: Utilizing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database, we identified crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 persons.
Introduction: Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) product standards for nicotine flux (nicotine emitted/second), combined with limiting puff duration, could control nicotine dose and support ENDS regulations. We assessed behavioral and subjective abuse liability indices for ENDS varying in nicotine flux with fixed puff duration among people who smoke.
Methods: This within-subjects study included 32 adults who smoked cigarettes.
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory condition portrayed by persistent airflow limitation and correlated symptoms. Despite advances in treatment, COPD remains a significant global health burden, necessitating ongoing research to understand its long-standing impact on pulmonary function and quality of life (QoL).
Methods: This longitudinal research enrolled 200 COPD and followed them over a 5-year period.