Free-Space to SMF Integration and Green to C-Band Conversion Based on PPLN.

In this study, we experimentally demonstrate a PPLN-based free-space to SMF (single-mode fiber) conversion system capable of efficient long-wavelength down-conversion from 518 nm, optimized for minimal loss in highly turbid water, to 1540 nm, which is ideal for low-loss transmission in standard SMF. Leveraging the nonlinear optical properties of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), we achieve a wavelength conversion efficiency of 1.6% through difference frequency generation while maintaining a received optical signal-to-noise ratio of 10.

Frequency stabilization via interference between transmitted and reflected lights from a reference cavity.

We propose a modulation-free optical frequency stabilization technique using an interferometric effect between transmitted and reflected lights from a reference cavity. The property of the reflected light brings robustness of the error signal against laser intensity fluctuations as in previous stabilization methods. Due to the property of the transmitted light, the capture range for a specific locking frequency is expanded up to twice the FSR of the cavity, which we experimentally demonstrate.

Design and Mechanistic Insights into α-Helical -Terphenyl Guanidines as Potent Small-Molecule Antifreeze Agents.

Ice formation is a critical challenge across multiple fields, from industrial applications to biological preservation. Inspired by natural antifreeze proteins, we designed and synthesized a new class of small-molecule antifreezes based on α-helical -terphenyl scaffolds with guanidine side chains. These -terphenyl guanidines , among the smallest molecules that mimic α-helical structures, exhibit potent ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity, similar to that of existing large α-helical antifreeze compounds.

Ultrastructural localization of calcium homeostasis modulator 1 in mouse taste buds.

Taste receptor cells are morphologically classified as types II and III. Type II cells form a unique type of synapses referred to as channel synapses where calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) together with CALHM3 forms voltage-gated channels that release the neurotransmitter, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). To validate the proposed structural model of channel synapses, the ultrastructural localization of CALHM1 in type II cells of both fungiform and circumvallate taste buds was examined.