Rationale and concerns for using JAK inhibitors in axial spondyloarthritis.

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic illness with limited treatment options. The role of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition as a therapeutic option has increasingly become a focus of research in recent years as they have brought a new mode of action to the clinical armamentarium. This review assesses the efficacy and safety profile of these drugs in axSpA.

A new model for categorizing cognitive biases and debiasing strategies in dermatology.

Cognitive biases are a significant cause of medical error. They arise from "system 1" thinking, which depends on heuristics to make quick decisions in complex situations. Heuristics make us "predictably irrational," distorting our ability to accurately assess probabilities in clinical scenarios.

Case reports and narrative fallacies: the enigma of black swans in dermatology.

Narrative fallacy is a problematic heuristic that leads us to make inaccurate cause-effect relationships. They are a particular issue in case reports because of the limited scope of these papers, the perpetuated biases they proffer and the misperception of 'black swan' events. This article highlights the negative effects of these fallacies in dermatological practice through three case studies: the use of epinephrine with lignocaine at distal sites, the difference between once-daily and twice-daily application of topical steroids, and the effect of sterile gloves for skin surgery on infection rates.