Facing healthy and pathological aging: A systematic review of fMRI task-based studies to understand the neural mechanisms of cognitive reserve.

Cognitive reserve (CR) explains the varying trajectories of cognitive decline in healthy and pathological ageing. CR is often operationalized in terms of socio-behavioural proxies that modulate cognitive performance. Individuals with higher CR are known to maintain better cognitive functions, but evidence on the underlying brain activity remains scattered.

The role of personality in social interaction perception: an ERP and source imaging study.

Agreeableness, one of the five personality traits, is associated with socio-cognitive abilities. This study investigates how agreeableness impacts the perception of social interactions, while considering sex that might moderate this effect. Sixty-two young adults, preselected to ensure a wide range of agreeableness scores, underwent EEG recording while viewing images depicting real-world scenes of two people either engaged in a social interaction or acting independently.

The impact of subclinical psychotic symptoms on delay and effort discounting: Insights from behavioral, computational, and electrophysiological methods.

Background: The ability to value rewards is crucial for adaptive behavior and is influenced by the time and effort required to obtain them. Impairments in these computations have been observed in patients with schizophrenia and may be present in individuals with subclinical psychotic symptoms (PS).

Methods: In this study, we employed delay and effort-discounting tasks with food rewards in thirty-nine participants divided into high and low levels of PS.

Field of Study and Gender Moderation of the Association of Personality and Math Anxiety with Numeracy.

Math anxiety and personality influence numeracy, although the nature of their contribution has been overlooked. In the present study, we investigated whether their association with numeracy depended on field of study and gender in higher education. Participants were Italian undergraduates in either the humanities ( = 201) or Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM;  = 209) fields of study.

Real-time cortical dynamics during motor inhibition.

The inhibition of action is a fundamental executive mechanism of human behaviour that involve a complex neural network. In spite of the progresses made so far, many questions regarding the brain dynamics occurring during action inhibition are still unsolved. Here, we used a novel approach optimized to investigate real-time effective brain dynamics, which combines transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with simultaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings.