Whole Blood Requirements in Civilian Trauma Resuscitation: Implications for Blood Inventory Program.

Introduction: It is unclear what volume of whole blood (WB) a center may need to maintain an adequate inventory. This study aimed to determine the current WB requirements, using the military concept of WB equivalent (WBE), across different levels of trauma centers.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program database (2017-2018), including adult (≥16 ys) trauma patients who received massive transfusions.

Screw-Dislocation-Driven Growth of 2D Perovskite Spiral Microplates.

Two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic halide perovskites are solution-processable semiconductors that are promising for optoelectronic applications. Understanding crystallization mechanisms to achieve control over nanostructures is important for optimizing desired properties. Here we introduce a versatile strategy to synthesize spiral microplates of diverse 2D perovskites at the air-water interface through screw-dislocation-driven growth.

The Origin of Single-Molecule Sensitivity in Label-Free Solution-Phase Optical Microcavity Detection.

Fiber Fabry-Perot microcavities (FFPCs) enhance light-matter interactions by localizing light in time and space. Such FFPCs are at the heart of this powerful detection scheme exploiting photothermal nonlinearities and Pound-Drever-Hall frequency locking that enabled label-free profiling of single solution-phase biomolecules with unprecedented sensitivity. Here, we deploy a combination of experiment and simulation to provide a quantitative mechanism for the observed single-molecule sensitivity and achieve quantitative agreement with experiment.

Viral Burden and Illness Severity During Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Predict Persistent Long COVID Symptoms.

Background: Long COVID is a common complication of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, but the prevalence and predictors of the condition remain poorly characterized.

Methods: We prospectively studied adults (≥18 years) with acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presenting to an urban safety net hospital and associated clinics between July 2020 and December 2022. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics with long COVID status, defined as symptoms persisting at least 9 months after acute disease.

Lipid bilayers determine the allostery but not intrinsic affinity of cAMP binding to pacemaker channels.

In the human heart, the binding of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a second messenger, to hyperpolarization and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) regulates the automaticity of pacemaker cells. Recent single-molecule binding studies show that cAMP bound to each subunit of purified tetrameric HCN channels independently, in contrast to findings in cells. To explore the lipid membrane's role in cAMP regulation, we reconstituted purified human HCN channels in various lipid nanodiscs and resolved single molecule ligand-binding dynamics.