Cod Liver Oil, but Not Retinoic Acid, Treatment Restores Bone Thickness in a Vitamin A-Deficient Rat.

Vitamin A plays a prominent role for maintaining optimal bone status, but its impact upon the bone in response to vitamin A deficiency is not well defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how replenishing vitamin A by either whole food cod liver oil (COD) or the active metabolite of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), altered bone thickness of vitamin A-deficient (VAD) rats. Weanling rats were administered a control diet (CTRL) or VAD diet for 9 weeks.

Skin Carotenoid Status Over Time and Differences by Age and Sex Among Head Start Children (3-5 Years).

Objective: Examine differences in skin carotenoid status (SCS) based on time, age, and sex of preschool-aged children enrolled in Head Start (HS) in North Carolina.

Design: Data were collected using surveys from participating families. preschool-aged children's SCS were measured 3 times over a 6-month period.

Cux1 regulation of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p27 in polycystic kidney disease is attenuated by HDAC inhibitors.

Cux1 is a homeodomain protein involved in cell cycle regulation and kidney development. Cux1 represses the cyclin kinase inhibitor p27 during early kidney development, promoting cell proliferation in the nephrogenic zone. Promoter reporter analysis of p27 revealed that Cux1 represses p27 in a concentration dependent manner, and immunoprecipitation showed that Cux1 interacts with the co-repressor Grg4 and the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC3.

Cux1 regulation of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p27 in polycystic kidney disease is attenuated by HDAC inhibitors.

Cux1 is a homeodomain protein involved in cell cycle regulation and kidney development. Cux1 represses the cyclin kinase inhibitor p27 during early kidney development, promoting cell proliferation in the nephrogenic zone. Promoter reporter analysis of p27 revealed that Cux1 represses p27 in a concentration dependent manner, and immunoprecipitation showed that Cux1 interacts with the co-repressor Grg4 and the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC3.

Cux1 promotes cell proliferation and polycystic kidney disease progression in an ADPKD mouse model.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common monogenic hereditary disorders in humans characterized by fluid-filled cysts, primarily in the kidneys. Cux1, a cell cycle regulatory gene highly expressed during kidney development, is elevated in the cyst-lining cells of Pkd1 mutant mice, and in human ADPKD cells. However, forced expression of Cux1 is insufficient to induce cystic disease in transgenic mice or to induce rapid cyst formation after cilia disruption in the kidneys of adult mice.