Host dependent specialized metabolism of nitrogen export in actinorhizal nodules induced by Frankia cluster-2.

Frankia cluster-2 strains are diazotrophs that engage in root nodule symbiosis with actinorhizal plants of the Cucurbitales and the Rosales. Previous studies have shown that an assimilated nitrogen source, presumably arginine, is exported to the host in nodules of Datisca glomerata (Cucurbitales), while a different metabolite is exported in the nodules of Ceanothus thyrsiflorus (Rosales). To investigate if an assimilated nitrogen form is commonly exported to the host by cluster-2 strains, and which metabolite would be exported in Ceanothus, we analysed gene expression levels, metabolite profiles, and enzyme activities in nodules.

Motivations for and Experiences With Antipsychotic Tapering Among Patients With Schizophrenia Seeking Guided Dose Reduction.

Objective: Over time, most patients with schizophrenia wish to reduce or discontinue their antipsychotic medication treatment. In Denmark, a specialized government-funded outpatient clinic was established to offer guided antipsychotic dose reduction. This study aimed to provide data on motivations for and previous experiences with antipsychotic tapering among patients attending the clinic.

Deprescribing antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia: findings from a specialized clinic.

Background: While antipsychotic medication reduces the risk of relapse for patients with schizophrenia, high prevalence of adverse effects results in low adherence. Lower doses of antipsychotics have been associated with increased level of function but also with increased risk of relapse. This study presents findings from a specialized deprescribing clinic.

Reward Processing as an Indicator of Vulnerability or Compensatory Resilience in Psychoses? Results From a Twin Study.

Background: Findings of reward disturbances in unaffected relatives of patients with schizophrenia suggest reward disturbances as an endophenotype for schizophrenia. Twin studies, where 1 twin has been diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, can further explore this.

Methods: We used Danish registries to identify twin pairs with at least 1 twin having a schizophrenia spectrum disorder diagnosis and control twin pairs matched on age, sex, and zygosity.

The relative and interactive impact of multiple risk factors in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a combined register-based and clinical twin study.

Background: Research has yielded evidence for genetic and environmental factors influencing the risk of schizophrenia. Numerous environmental factors have been identified; however, the individual effects are small. The additive and interactive effects of multiple risk factors are not well elucidated.