Effects of Tesamorelin on Neurocognitive Impairment in Abdominally Obese Persons with HIV.

Background: In people with HIV (PWH) who are virally suppressed (VS) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), abdominal obesity (AO) is linked to neurocognitive impairment (NCI), potentially due to visceral adiposity, inflammation, and reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone, reduces AO and increases IGF-1, suggesting it might mitigate NCI in VS PWH.

Methods: This 6-month, Phase II randomized, open-label clinical trial compared Tesamorelin versus standard-of-care (SOC) for NCI in abdominally obese PWH.

Social Engagement and Neurocognition in Latino and Non-Latino White Older Persons with HIV.

The present study investigated differences in the quantity and quality of social engagement, and their associations with neurocognition among older Latino and non-Latino White persons with HIV (PWH). Participants were age 50 + community-dwelling PWH living in southern California (n = 116; 50% Latino [53% Spanish-speaking], 50% non-Latino White; Age: M = 58.03; Education: M = 13.

Peroxiredoxin 2 mediates redox-stimulated adaptations to oxidative phosphorylation induced by contractile activity in human skeletal muscle myotubes.

Skeletal muscle generates superoxide during contractions, which is converted to hydrogen peroxide (HO). HO has been proposed to activate signalling pathways and transcription factors that regulate adaptive responses to exercise, but the concentration required to oxidize and activate key redox-sensitive signalling proteins in vitro is much higher than the typical intracellular levels seen in muscle after exercise. We hypothesized that 2-Cys-peroxiredoxins (PRDX), which rapidly oxidize in the presence of physiological concentrations of HO, serve as intermediary signalling molecules and play a crucial role in activating adaptive pathways following muscle contractions.

Fostering healthy cognitive ageing in people living with HIV.

Prevalence and incidence of HIV among people aged 50 years and older continue to rise worldwide, generating increasing awareness among care providers, scientists, and the HIV community about the importance of brain health in older adults with HIV. Many age-related factors that adversely affect brain health can occur earlier and more often among people with HIV, including epigenetic ageing, chronic medical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease), and age-related syndromes (eg, frailty). Extensive dialogue between HIV community leaders, health-care providers, and scientists has led to the development of a multidimensional response strategy to protect and enhance brain health in people ageing with HIV that spans across public health, clinical spaces, and research spaces.

The prefrontal cortex, but not the medial temporal lobe, is associated with episodic memory in middle-aged persons with HIV.

Objective: Identifying persons with HIV (PWH) at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complicated because memory deficits are common in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and a defining feature of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; a precursor to AD). Recognition memory deficits may be useful in differentiating these etiologies. Therefore, neuroimaging correlates of different memory deficits (i.