Exploring the Logic and Conducting a Comprehensive Evaluation of the Adiponectin Receptor Agonists AdipoRon and AdipoAI's Impacts on Bone Metabolism and Repair-A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Adiponectin replacement therapy shows promising outcomes in various diseases, especially for bone-related disorders. Challenges in using the complete protein have led to alternative approaches, with AdipoRon and AdipoAI emerging as extensively researched drug candidates. Their influence on models of bone-related disorders has progressed considerably but there has been no review of their effectiveness in modulating bone metabolism and repair.

Current Understanding of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Mediated Trained Immunity and Its Perspectives for Controlling Intracellular Infections.

The bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated bacterium derived from virulent . It is the only licensed vaccine used for preventing severe forms of tuberculosis in children. Besides its specific effects against tuberculosis, BCG administration is also associated with beneficial non-specific effects (NSEs) following heterologous stimuli in humans and mice.

exosomes activate human macrophages to produce proinflammatory mediators.

Exosomes, organelles measuring 30-200nm, are secreted by various cell types. exosomes consist of many proteins, including heat shock proteins, annexins, Glycoprotein 63, proteins exerting signaling activity and those containing mRNA and miRNA. Studies have demonstrated that exosomes downregulate IFN-γ and inhibit the expression of microbicidal molecules, such as TNF and nitric oxide, thus creating a microenvironment favoring parasite proliferation.

GILZ Modulates the Recruitment of Monocytes/Macrophages Endowed with a Resolving Phenotype and Favors Resolution of Infection.

Macrophages are important effectors of inflammation resolution that contribute to the elimination of pathogens and apoptotic cells and restoration of homeostasis. Pre-clinical studies have evidenced the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions of GILZ (glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper). Here, we evaluated the role of GILZ on the migration of mononuclear cells under nonphlogistic conditions and evoked peritonitis.