The Cortisol Levels, Histology, and Fine Structure of Various Tissues of Fish (Baird and Girard, 1853) after Exposure to Lead.

Background: Aquatic organisms demonstrate a high vulnerability to mortality when exposed to Pb, even at low concentrations. The objective of this investigation is to ascertain the histopathological alterations and cortisol concentrations in diverse tissues of , with a specific focus on the eggs and larvae, following exposure to varying concentrations of PbCl.

Methods: Adult specimens of measuring 5-6 cm in length were obtained from a commercial fish breeding facility.

Comparison of fracture patterns between rural and urban populations in a developing country.

Introduction: The pattern of fracture, including the anatomical location and age distribution, may differ among urban and rural populations due to various factors such as the inhabitants' occupation and living environment.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicentre study involving two urban and three rural hospitals in Malaysia. The demographic data and anatomical location of fracture of patients admitted in 2007 were collected for analysis.

Interleukin-6 as an early marker for fat embolism.

Background: Fat Embolism is a complication of long bone fractures, intramedullary fixation and joint arthroplasty. It may progress to fat embolism syndrome, which is rare but involves significant morbidity and can occasionally be fatal. Fat Embolism can be detected at the time of embolization by transoesophageal echocardiography or atrial blood sampling.

Bacteriology of diabetic foot lesions.

Infection plays a pivotal role in enhancing a diabetic foot at risk toward amputation. Effective antibiotic therapy against the offending pathogens is an important component of treatment of diabetic foot infections. Recognition of the pathogen is always difficult as the representative deep tissue sample for culture is surrounded by ulcer surface harbouring colonies of organisms frequently labelled as skin commensals.