Divergent Pattern of Development in Rats and Humans.

Rattus norvegicus is the second most used laboratory species and the most widely used model in neuroscience. Nonetheless, there is still no agreement regarding the temporal relationship of development between humans and rats. We addressed this question by examining the time required to reach a set of homologous developmental milestones in both species.

ML--DP4: An Integrated Quantum Mechanics-Machine Learning Approach for Ultrafast NMR Structural Elucidation.

A new tool, ML--DP4, provides an efficient and accurate method for determining the most likely structure of complex molecules within minutes using standard computational resources. The workflow involves combining fast Karplus-type calculations with NMR chemical shifts predictions at the cheapest HF/STO-3G level enhanced using machine learning (ML), all embedded in the -DP4 formalism. Our ML provides accurate predictions, which compare favorably alongside with other ML methods.

Effect of periconceptional nutrition on the growth, behaviour and survival of the neonatal lamb.

Periconceptional nutrition (PCN) can influence foetal hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function and alter cortisol secretion with possible consequences for maturation and growth of major organs, gestation length and behaviour. We examined effects of PCN on phenotype and survival of the neonatal lamb in 466 Merino ewes allocated to treatments providing 70%, 100% and 150% respectively, of maintenance requirements for 17 days prior and 6 days after insemination. Gestation length and birth weight for lambs in PCN treatment groups was similar (P > 0.

Exact Statistical Tests for Heterogeneity of Frequencies Based on Extreme Values.

Sophisticated statistical analyses of incidence frequencies are often required for various epidemiologic and biomedical applications. Among the most commonly applied methods is Pearson's test, which is structured to detect non-specific anomalous patterns of frequencies and is useful for testing the significance for incidence heterogeneity. However, the Pearson's test is not efficient for assessing the significance of frequency in a particular cell (or class) to be attributed to chance alone.

Smokers as a high-risk group: data from a screening population.

Goal: To determine the number of pack-years exposure associated with a 2-fold increase risk for significant colorectal neoplasia and to examine the risk of smoking in younger patients.

Background: Cigarette smoking has been shown to be a significant risk factor for colorectal neoplasia and may be used to stratify patients for screening or triaging of screening resources. However, more information is needed regarding the amount of exposure required to significantly increase by 2-fold an individual's risk for colorectal neoplasia.