Prevalence and undiagnosed fraction of hepatitis C infection in 2018 in Spain: results from a national population-based survey.

Background: A national strategy against hepatitis C virus (HCV) was implemented in Spain in 2015 with the aim of reducing associated morbidity and mortality. In order to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of HCV, we analysed the prevalence of HCV antibodies and active infection overall and by age and sex in the general population aged 20-80 years. We also aimed to report the undiagnosed fraction.

Beyond torture checklists: an exploratory study of the reliability and construct validity of the Torturing Environment Scale (TES).

Background: Torture methods have traditionally been quantified using checklists. However, checklists fail to capture accurately both the almost infinite range of available methods of torture and the victims' subjective experience. The Torturing Environment Scale (TES) was designed as a multidimensional alternative that groups torture methods according to the specific human function under attack.

[Guideline on hepatitis C testing in Spain. An interdisciplinary work with a Public Health approach.].

Within the framework of the Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis and the Strategic Plan for tackling hepatitis C in the Spanish National Health System, the Secretariat of the National Plan on HIV and STIs and the Unit for Screening Programs in the Ministry of Health have coordinated the policies around the screening of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Spain. This paper describes the experience and learnings arisen around it. The key points of the process include interdisciplinary work through a Technical Group made up of experts from the different fields involved; the availability of scientific evidence for decision-making, highlighting the 2nd Seroprevalence Study in the general population; and a public health approach along the entire process.

Perineal repair of media-lateral episiotomies and 2nd degree tears by midwives: A randomised controlled trial comparing three suture techniques.

Background: Perineal trauma pain is associated with perineal repair and its subsequent healing. New evidence is required concerning perineal repair techniques that cause less pain and favour healing.

Objective: To compare three perineal repair suturing techniques after episiotomy or second degree tearing during a normal birth with respect to reducing pain and improving the perineal healing process.

[Evolution of the incidence of colonized and infected patients by VIM carbapenemase-producing bacteria in a pediatric hospital in Spain].

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the evolution of the incidence of infected and colonized patients with carbapenemase VIM-producing bacteria (CPB-VIM) at a national referral pediatric center in Madrid, Spain, between 2012 and 2015.

Methods: Descriptive epidemiological surveillance study. The surveillance system included case detection (screening for BPC colonization in all admitted patients, with periodicity according to the ward) and control measures (contact precautions, identification of previously colonized patients at admission, environmental cleaning, education, supervision of contact precautions, and patient cohort).