Copper(II)-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Chlorides in Aqueous Ammonia.

Anilines are ubiquitous in bio-active compounds and their synthesis can be achieved via metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions involving aryl halides. We describe an unusual, yet simple, Cu-catalyzed system for the amination of aryl chlorides in pure aqueous ammonia with 2.5 mol % catalyst loading under non-inert conditions.

Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides with Aqueous Ammonia and Hydroxide Base Enabled by Ligand Development.

The conversion of aryl halides to primary arylamines with a convenient and inexpensive source of ammonia has been a long-standing synthetic challenge. Aqueous ammonia would be the most convenient and least expensive form of ammonia, but such a palladium-catalyzed amination reaction with a high concentration of water faces challenges concerning catalyst stability and competing hydroxylation, and palladium-catalyzed reactions with this practical reagent are rare. Further, most reactions with ammonia to form primary amines are conducted with -butoxide base, but reactions with ammonium hydroxide would contain hydroxide as base.

Prediction of Malnutrition and the Relationships Among Pain, Function, Depression, and Cancer Stage in Older Women With Breast Cancer.

Background: Older women diagnosed with breast cancer are at risk for malnutrition.

Objectives: This article aims to evaluate the relationships among cancer stage, pain, functional status, depression, and malnutrition, and to determine whether these symptoms predict nutritional status.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included women (N = 72) aged 70 years or older diagnosed with breast cancer at an academic medical center in the midwestern United States.

HLA Sensitization in Patients Bridged to Lung Transplantation With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Unlabelled: Lung transplantation is a definitive therapy for many end-stage lung pathologies. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being used as a bridge to lung transplantation (BTT). HLA sensitization is a major barrier to lung transplantation.

Timing of Ketogenic Dietary Therapy (KDT) Introduction and Its Impact on Cognitive Profiles in Children with Glut1-DS-A Preliminary Study.

Unlabelled: The aim of this research was to characterize cognitive abilities in patients with Glut1-Deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS) following ketogenic diet therapy (KDT).

Methods: The cognitive profiles of eight children were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC-IV). The effect of ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) on individual subareas of intelligence was analyzed considering the potential influence of speech motor impairments.