Identification of infants with increased type 1 diabetes genetic risk for enrollment into Primary Prevention Trials-GPPAD-02 study design and first results.

Primary prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires intervention in genetically at-risk infants. The Global Platform for the Prevention of Autoimmune Diabetes (GPPAD) has established a screening program, GPPAD-02, that identifies infants with a genetic high risk of T1D, enrolls these into primary prevention trials, and follows the children for beta-cell autoantibodies and diabetes. Genetic testing is offered either at delivery, together with the regular newborn testing, or at a newborn health care visits before the age of 5 months in regions of Germany (Bavaria, Saxony, Lower Saxony), UK (Oxford), Poland (Warsaw), Belgium (Leuven), and Sweden (Region Skåne).

Functional and Histological Evaluation following Canine Vocal Fold Reconstruction Using Composite Thyroid Ala Perichondrium Flaps.

Objectives/hypotheses: We evaluated the effects of vocal fold reconstruction using a composite thyroid ala perichondrium flap (CTAP) after unilateral vocal fold stripping in beagles. We hypothesized that CTAP would improve glottic closure, decrease phonation threshold pressure, and decrease perturbation. In addition, vocal folds with CTAP would exhibit neovascularization and fat with increased von Willebrand factor (vWF) and smooth muscle actin (SMA), reflecting neoangiogenesis and flap viability.

Elucidation of soft tissue flap histologic margins within a canine vocal fold.

Background: Histologic identification of implanted soft tissues in experimental animal models can be challenging, as donor tissue often strongly resembles the recipient bed. We have encountered this dilemma following implantation of a Composite Thyroid Ala Perichondrium flap (CTAP) into a vocal fold. The CTAP procedure is the first to utilize a vascularized flap for vocal fold reconstruction, making data to confirm or refute its viability critical.

Technical refinements to the minithyrotomy procedure.

Objectives/hypothesis: Although the minithyrotomy (MT) procedure was introduced in 1999, it has not been widely used for voice restoration. Its limited dissemination is due in part to lack of appropriate implants and in part due to technical challenges. The 2011 introduction of the composite thyroid ala perichondrium flap (CTAP) into a vocal fold through an MT was designed to supply an appropriate implanted tissue.

[The effect of acute ischemia on the small intestine of the dog].

There were carried out macroscopic and microscopic observations of dog's small intestine after putting a clamp on the artery only or on the artery and the upper mesenteric vein. Examinations were performed after 1 and 2 h of ischemia and in different periods after restitution of circulation. By means of histologic and histochemical methods it was found out that no later than after 1 h of ischemia there occur pathologic, irreversible changes in the wall of the small intestine.