Dielectron attachment and hydrogen evolution reaction in water clusters.

Binding of excess electrons to nanosize water droplets, with a focus on the hitherto largely unexplored properties of doubly-charged clusters, were investigated experimentally using mass spectrometry and theoretically with large-scale first-principles simulations based on spin-density-functional theory, with all the valence electrons (that is, 8e per water molecule) and excess electrons treated quantum mechanically. Singly-charged clusters (H(2)O)(n)(-1) were detected for n = 6-250, and our calculated vertical detachment energies agree with previously measured values in the entire range 15 ≤ n ≤ 105, giving a consistent interpretation in terms of internal, surface and diffuse states of the excess electron. Doubly-charged clusters were measured in the range of 83 ≤ n ≤ 123, with (H(2)O)(n)(-2) clusters found for 83 ≤ n < 105, and mass-shifted peaks corresponding to (H(2)O)(n-2)(OH(-))(2) detected for n ≥ 105.

Renal effects of ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants.

In recent years ibuprofen has been proposed for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as it has been proved to be equally as effective as indomethacin and shows fewer cerebral blood flow, intestinal and renal hemodynamic effects. A number of studies and several meta-analyses comparing both drugs are now available that debate whether indomethacin or ibuprofen should be used for PDA prophylaxis or closure. This review examines the available knowledge on the specific issue of the effects of ibuprofen on kidney function, as improved renal tolerance is a major argument in favor of its use in the routine treatment of PDA.

A new action photoelectron spectroscopy for anions.

We present a new experimental approach, in which anion photodetachment spectroscopy is recorded with electrons of fixed kinetic energy. This approach circumvents some shortcomings of the zero electron kinetic energy method. Our method is based on a modified magnetic bottle photoelectron spectrometer (MBPES).

Auger recombination and charge-carrier thermalization in Hg - n -cluster photoelectron studies.

Photoelectron spectra (PES) of Hg(-)(n) show strong dependence of spectral features on photon energy, i.e., peak tailing and band gap filling.