Antibody-modified 2D MXene nanosheet probes for selective, picolevel detection of cancer biomarkers.

Cancer biomarkers are crucial indicators found in clinical samples, playing a key role in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Detecting these biomarkers with high sensitivity is essential for early diagnosis, especially in aggressive cancers like lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a critical biomarker for lung cancer, and its detection aids in identifying the disease at an early stage.