Publications by authors named "R Garofalo"
Background: Disparities in sexually transmitted infections (STI) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among sexual minority boys and young men are substantial. Effective HIV and STI prevention programs that include access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medication do not consistently include younger sexual minority men. Text-messaging programs for HIV prevention have been associated with increases in HIV testing among sexual minority adolescent boys, but these programs have not incorporated a focus on PrEP or STIs beyond HIV.
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- The HIV incidence rate is rising among youth, particularly young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and young transgender women (YTW), necessitating a deeper understanding of their HIV prevention intentions.
- Behavioral intentions impact key practices such as condom use and PrEP usage, and different sociodemographic factors influence these intentions, highlighting the need to identify barriers and facilitators in HIV prevention.
- A study identified four distinct classes of HIV prevention intentions among vulnerable youth, revealing significant variations based on age, sexual orientation, education, income, and living arrangements, indicating that those with no recent HIV testing or PrEP use are at higher risk for HIV infection.
Background: Using a theoretically-grounded approach to the epidemiological study of HIV incidence among a national, diverse sample of sexual and gender minority (SGM) men (age 17 -29 years), as well as examining HIV incidence through an innovative geospatial lens, is of considerable public health significance. Our overarching objectives are to assemble a U.S.
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- The study investigates two phenotypes of Parkinson's Disease (PD) based on the timing of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) onset in relation to motor symptoms: "body first" (RBD before motor symptoms) and "brain first" (RBD after motor symptoms).
- Researchers analyzed striatal dopaminergic function in PD patients using imaging and found that the "body first" group exhibited more symmetrical motor impairment, higher cognitive decline, and distinctive imaging results compared to those with later onset RBD.
- The findings corroborate the SOC model's predictions, indicating different patterns of neurological function and cognitive impairment linked to the onset of RBD in PD.
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- Viral suppression is crucial for ending the HIV epidemic, yet youth living with HIV in Nigeria experience lower rates of viral suppression compared to adults; a study aimed to identify risk factors contributing to this issue.
- Out of 541 participants, 40% were found to be non-suppressed; significant risk factors included substance use, missed medication doses, and self-reported barriers to taking medication, while being on a first-line regimen and having supportive social networks reduced these risks.
- The findings highlight the importance of addressing psychosocial behaviors and medication adherence in youth with HIV to improve viral suppression rates and ultimately achieve ART goals.