Oxidative Stress Markers and Na,K-ATPase Enzyme Kinetics Are Altered in the Cerebellum of Zucker Diabetic Fatty fa/fa Rats: A Comparison with Lean fa/+ and Wistar Rats.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been referred to as being closely related to oxidative stress, which may affect brain functions and brain glucose metabolism due to its high metabolic activity and lipid-rich content. Na,K-ATPase is an essential enzyme maintaining intracellular homeostasis, with properties that can sensitively mirror various pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes. The goal of this study was to determine oxidative stress markers as well as Na,K-ATPase activities in the cerebellum of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats depending on diabetes severity.

The Effect of Cross-Sex Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Metabolism and Hormonal Status in Adult Rats.

Increasing evidence of sexual dimorphism in the pathophysiology of metabolic complications caused by sex steroids is under investigation. The gut microbiota represents a complex microbial ecosystem involved in energy metabolism, immune response, nutrition acquisition, and the health of host organisms. Gender-specific differences in composition are present between females and males.

Endogenous DNase Activity in an Animal Model of Acute Liver Failure.

Deoxyribonucleases (DNases) cleave extracellular DNA (ecDNA) and are under intense research as interventions for diseases associated with high ecDNA, such as acute live injury. DNase I treatment decreases morbidity and mortality in this animal model. Endogenous DNase activity has high interindividual variability.

The Human Mycobiome: Colonization, Composition and the Role in Health and Disease.

The mycobiome is the fungal component of the human microbial ecosystem that represents only a small part of this environment but plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis. Colonization by fungi begins immediately after birth. The initial mycobiome is influenced by the gestational age of a newborn, birth weight, delivery method and feeding method.

Gut Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Autoimmune Diseases.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis has recently been reported in a number of clinical states, including neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular, metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Yet, it is not completely understood how colonizing microorganisms are implicated in their pathophysiology and molecular pathways. There are a number of suggested mechanisms of how gut microbiota dysbiosis triggers or sustains extraintestinal diseases; however, none of these have been widely accepted as part of the disease pathogenesis.