Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water and Bladder Cancer: Evaluation of Risk Modification by Common Genetic Polymorphisms in Two Case-Control Studies.

Background: By-products are formed when disinfectants react with organic matter in source water. The most common class of disinfection by-products, trihalomethanes (THMs), have been linked to bladder cancer. Several studies have shown exposure-response associations with THMs in drinking water and bladder cancer risk.

Diesel exhaust and bladder cancer risk by pathologic stage and grade subtypes.

Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies diesel engine exhaust as carcinogenic to humans based on sufficient evidence for lung cancer. IARC noted, however, an increased risk of bladder cancer (based on limited evidence).

Objective: To evaluate the association between quantitative, lifetime occupational diesel exhaust exposure and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder (UBC) overall and according to pathological subtypes.

Ambient air pollution and incident bladder cancer risk: Updated analysis of the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study.

Although outdoor air pollution and particulate matter in outdoor air have been consistently linked with increased lung cancer risk, the evidence for associations at other cancer sites is limited. Bladder cancer shares several risk factors with lung cancer and some positive associations of ambient air pollution and bladder cancer risk have been observed. This study examined associations of ambient air pollution and bladder cancer risk in the large-scale Spanish Bladder Cancer Study.