Body mass index trends over four years in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Background: The role of obesity in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is incompletely understood. Obesity predisposes individuals to a pro-inflammatory state and cardiovascular comorbidities, both of which can negatively impact MS disease course. A better understanding of weight trends in PwMS will inform optimal management of those who are overweight or obese.

Neuropsychological Manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis.

This review article summarizes the literature on the cognitive impairment seen amongst people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and how that impairment can impact not only their lives but also how their care needs to be managed. Recommendations regarding screening and monitoring of cognitive issues are reviewed, as well as how common comorbidities can further impact cognition. The current literature with respect to treatment options is also summarized.

Comparing Cognitive Profiles in Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer Disease: More Similarities Than Differences.

Background And Objectives: Up to 65% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience disease-related cognitive impairment, but even after decades of research, still very little is known about the cognitive issues among older adults with MS (EwMS; individuals aged 60+). To date, few studies have attempted to characterize cognitive impairment in this group or compare EwMS with those with other neurodegenerative diseases. Our goal was to address this knowledge gap by comparing EwMS with individuals experiencing cognitive impairment due to probable Alzheimer disease (AD) with biomarker confirmation.

Review of the Longitudinal Management of Autoimmune Encephalitis, Potential Biomarkers, and Novel Therapeutics.

Purpose Of Review: Increasing awareness and earlier diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) have led to a greater number of patients being cared for longitudinally by neurologists. Although many neurologists are now familiar with the general approach to diagnosis and acute immunosuppression, this review aims to provide neurologists with guidance related to management beyond the acute phase of disease, including long-term immunosuppression, monitoring, potential biomarkers of disease activity, outcome measures, and symptom management.

Recent Findings: Observational studies in AE have demonstrated that early diagnosis and treatment is associated with improved neurologic outcomes, particularly in AE with antibodies targeting neuronal cell surface/synaptic proteins.

Disparities in DMT treatment: Demographic and neurocognitive differences between MS patients currently treated versus not treated with disease-modifying therapies.

Background: Current treatment guidelines recommend consideration of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for all multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but barriers to access have begun to be identified. In particular, prior studies have found that people with higher education have better access to DMTs, perhaps explained by the association of higher education with higher income. And while the majority of people with MS are women, being male is also associated with higher income.