[Genetics and epigenetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

Molecular genetic studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have demonstrated the involvement of multiple genes in the etiology of ADHD. A polygenic hypothesis of the etiopathogenesis was formulated without clear knowledge of common mechanisms of ADHD development. Twin, family and adoption studies have established the heritability of 70-80% for ADHD.

[Polymorphism of RGS2 gene: genetic markers of risk for schizophrenia and pharmacogenetic markers of typical neuroleptics efficiency].

Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder affecting about 1% of the general population. Several lines of evidence indicate that Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 (RGS2) contributes to schizophrenia vulnerability because it modulates signal transduction of neurotransmitter receptors that play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. A number of studies have shown an association of polymor- phic loci RGS2 gene with the occurrence of extrapyramidal symptoms induced by neuroleptics.

[Peculiarities of polymorphism in gene of serotonin transporter in men from different ethnic groups with acute alcoholic psychoses].

Analysis of polymorphism in locus of the gene of serotonin transporter (hSERT) was performed in men of Russian and Tatar nationalities with acute alcoholic psychoses by polymerase chain reaction. An absence of the differences in the distribution of the frequences of genotypes and alleles of hSERT gene was observed between populations examined, that corresponded to such values in Caucasians. An association was found between the allelic variations with 9 units of the repetitions of hSERT gene and an early onset of chronic alcoholization and development of acute alcoholic psychosis.