Measurement of Solution Composition as an Alternative to Titration for Evaluating the Hydrolytic Resistance of Glass.

The measurement of solution composition is proposed as an alternative to titration to determine titration volume, which is the figure of merit for evaluating the hydrolytic resistance of glass containers for pharmaceutical packaging. In the new method, instead of titrating the sample and blank solutions, their compositions are measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and these compositions are converted to titration volume using a set of coefficients and a simple equation. The coefficients were derived using the well-developed thermodynamic data and models for dilute aqueous solutions, which make it possible to calculate the pH from the solution composition and then simulate a titration as a series of pH calculations as titrant is progressively added to the solution.

Mucosal IFNγ production and potential role in protection in Escherichia coli O157:H7 vaccinated and challenged cattle.

Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157)-based vaccines can provide a potential intervention strategy to limit foodborne zoonotic transmission of O157. While the peripheral antibody response to O157 vaccination has been characterized, O157-specific cellular immunity at the rectoanal junction (RAJ), a preferred site for O157 colonization, remains poorly described. Vaccine induced mucosal O157-specific antibodies likely provide some protection, cellular immune responses at the RAJ may also play a role in protection.

Enhancing the Detection of -Specific CD4 T Cell Responses in Cattle via Antigenic Expansion and Restimulation.

Bovine brucellosis, cause by infection with , causes reproductive failure in cattle, has a major economic impact to producers, and as a zoonoses, it is a disease of public health concern. Characterization of the protective immune response against infection is important to our understanding of disease pathogenesis and for the development of diagnostic assays and vaccines. Most of the knowledge regarding protection against comes from studies in the murine model, but less is known about the immune responses in cattle.

Recto-Anal Junction (RAJ) and Fecal Microbiomes of Cattle Experimentally Challenged With O157:H7.

Cattle are the asymptomatic reservoirs of O157:H7 (O157) that preferentially colonizes the bovine recto-anal junction (RAJ). Understanding the influence of O157 on the diversity of the RAJ microbiota could give insights into its persistence at the RAJ in cattle. Hence, we compared changes in bovine RAJ and fecal microbiota following O157 challenge under experimental conditions.