Recovery of Hafnia alvei from diseased brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and healthy noble crayfish, Astacus astacus (L.), in Bulgaria.

Hafnia alvei was isolated in Bulgaria from healthy noble crayfish, Astacus astacus (L.), and then from farmed diseased brown trout, Salmo trutta L., with signs of haemorrhagic septicaemia.

The role of gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire in the Republic of Macedonia.

The Aim Of The Study: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Our aim was to analyse the role of the Gastroesophageal Disease Questionnaire in diagnosing reflux disease in the population of the Republic of Macedonia.

Methods: The questionnaire on the severity of the symptoms related to GERD was used.

Obstructive jaundice caused by pancreatic head malignancies are there predictive factors for successful endoscopic biliary stenting?

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography provides precise imaging of malignant biliopancreatic strictures and allows palliative treatment with endoscopic stenting. Initial successful biliary stenting can be achieved in about 69-100% of patients with pancreatic head malignancies. Preliminary data from our Clinic reported a much lower success rate of endoscopic biliary stenting in obstructive jaundice caused by pancreatic head malignancies.