Mitigation potential of urban greening during heatwaves and stormwater events: a modeling study for Karlsruhe, Germany.

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of urban heat islands and stormwater flooding. In order to mitigate these threats cities are turning toward green infrastructure to restore the hydrologic cycle in a way that increases the ecosystem services provided by trees. Strategically designed green infrastructure can mitigate runoff volume by rainfall interception through tree canopies and redirect impervious runoff into bioswales that promote infiltration.

Immunological composition of human milk before and during subclinical and clinical mastitis.

Mastitis, an inflammatory condition affecting more than 25% of breastfeeding women, is usually associated with reduced milk secretion, pain, and discomfort, which often leads to early cessation of breastfeeding. Although the etiology of mastitis is multifactorial, a pro-inflammatory state of the mammary gland might be a risk factor. However, changes in milk composition, and specifically in the milk immune profile, prior to and during mastitis have not been well described.

Switch from eculizumab to satralizumab in aquaporin 4 immunoglobulin G-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a case series report.

Objectives: This case series describes adults with aquaporin 4 immunoglobulin G-seropositive (AQP4-IgG+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) who switched treatment from eculizumab to satralizumab.

Methods: Case information for patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD who received satralizumab for ≥6 months was obtained from US healthcare providers from April 2022 to January 2024. Patient characteristics, examination findings, diagnostic test results, treatment response, and adverse events were recorded.

Phasic dopamine release in two different rat models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) versus Lphn3 knockout rats.

We examined DA activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) in two Different Rat Models of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) Versus Lphn3 Knockout Rats. We examined baseline stimulation-evoked phasic DA release, half-life, and DA autoreceptor (DAR) functioning in the mPFC and NAcc, as well as the response to nomifensine (10 mg/kg, IP), a DA transporter (DAT) blocker, on these measures in the NAcc. Both rat models were hypodopaminergic, with notable regional and mechanistic differences.

Modifies Chronic Airway Infection Risk in Cystic Fibrosis.

Rationale: Chronic () airway infection is common and a key contributor to diminished lung function and early mortality in persons with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). Risk factors for chronic among PwCF include cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genotype, genetic modifiers, and environmental factors. Intensive antibiotic therapy and highly effective modulators do not eradicate in most adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis.