A Simple, Robust, and Convenient HPLC Assay for Urinary Lactulose and Mannitol in the Dual Sugar Absorption Test.

Background: Heterogeneous laborious analytical methodologies for the determination of urinary lactulose and mannitol limit their utility in intestinal permeability testing.

Methods: We developed an assay using a Shimadzu HPLC system, an Aminex HPX87C column, and refractive index detection. The test was calibrated using a series of dilutions from standard stock solutions of lactulose and mannitol 'spiked' into urine samples.

Rheology of human faeces and pathophysiology of defaecation.

Background: Rectal evacuation involves multiple mechanisms that are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to quantify the rheologic property, i.e.

Spatiotemporal Mapping of the Contracting Gravid Uterus of the Rabbit Shows Contrary Changes With Increasing Gestation and Dosage With Oxytocin.

Spontaneous and oxytocin induced contractile activity was quantified in the bicornuate uteri of pregnant rabbits maintained , using data from two- and uni- dimensional video spatiotemporal maps (VSTM) of linear and area strain rate and compared statistically. Spontaneous contractions occurred over a range of frequencies between 0.1 and 10 cpm, in gravid animals at 18-21 and at 28 days of gestation, and propagated both radially and longitudinally over the uterine wall overlying each fetus.

First translational consensus on terminology and definitions of colonic motility in animals and humans studied by manometric and other techniques.

Alterations in colonic motility are implicated in the pathophysiology of bowel disorders, but high-resolution manometry of human colonic motor function has revealed that our knowledge of normal motor patterns is limited. Furthermore, various terminologies and definitions have been used to describe colonic motor patterns in children, adults and animals. An example is the distinction between the high-amplitude propagating contractions in humans and giant contractions in animals.

Pharmacological modulation of the spatiotemporal disposition of micromotions in the intact resting urinary bladder of the rabbit; their pattern is under both myogenic and autonomic control.

Objectives: To explore and characterize the disposition and dynamics of micromotions in the wall of the intact resting teradotoxinized urinary bladder of the rabbit before and after the administration of adrenergic and cholinergic pharmaceutical agents.

Methods: Spatiotemporal maps and related intravesical pressure were used to analyse propagating patches of contractions (PPCs) and their component individual myogenic contractions [propagating individual contractions (PICs)] in the wall of the tetradotoxinized urinary bladder.

Results: The bladder wall exhibited two contractile states that were of similar frequencies to those of the two types of electrophysiological discharge described in previous studies; the first, in which cyclic PPCs predominated, the second in which small irregular PICs predominated.